The World Health Organization or WHO has declared the ongoing epidemic of Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda a public health emergency of international concern under the International Health Regulations. While the situation is serious, WHO has determined that it does not meet the criteria for a pandemic emergency.
In making this determination, the WHO Director-General consulted with the affected States Parties and reviewed scientific evidence, epidemiological data, and the risks of international spread. He expressed gratitude to the governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda for their strong leadership, transparency, and commitment to controlling the outbreak, which has enabled the global community to prepare and respond.
As of 16 May 2026, eight laboratory-confirmed cases, 246 suspected cases, and 80 suspected deaths have been reported in Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cases have been detected across multiple health zones, including Bunia, Rwampara, and Mongbwalu. Additionally, two confirmed cases, including one death, were reported in Kampala, Uganda, among travelers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Unusual clusters of community deaths and suspected cases across Ituri and North Kivu, along with healthcare worker fatalities, raise concerns about healthcare-associated transmission and gaps in infection control.
The outbreak is considered extraordinary due to uncertainties about the true scale of infections, the high positivity rate of initial samples, and the confirmation of cases in both Kampala and Kinshasa. The risk of spread is compounded by insecurity, humanitarian challenges, high population mobility, and limited medical countermeasures, as there are currently no approved Bundibugyo virus-specific therapeutics or vaccines.
International spread has already been documented, and neighboring countries are at high risk due to cross-border travel and trade. WHO emphasized that international coordination is urgently needed to strengthen surveillance, prevention, and response efforts. An Emergency Committee will be convened to advise on temporary recommendations for States Parties to manage the outbreak effectively.
This determination underscores the gravity of the situation and the need for global vigilance and cooperation to contain the spread of Bundibugyo virus disease.
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